How to represent yourself in court: A simple guide

Kulturalism Team
Mar 21
3 min read

Updated: Feb 25

Representing yourself in court can feel overwhelming, especially if you cannot afford legal representation. However, with the right preparation and understanding, you can navigate the legal system more effectively.

This guide provides a clear starting point to help you prepare your case and present yourself confidently in court.

Understanding Legal Aid

The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) determines who qualifies for legal representation when facing court proceedings.

Since 2013, changes to this law have made it harder to qualify for legal aid, meaning more people must represent themselves in court.

This can be overwhelming, but with proper preparation, you can navigate the process effectively. This guide will give you a basic starting point to help you prepare and represent yourself with confidence.

McKenzie Friend: Getting Support in Court

If you choose to represent yourself, you are known as a Litigant in Person.

However, you don’t have to go through it alone. You are entitled to have a McKenzie Friend, which can be:

☑️ A friend, relative, or family member

☑️ A court volunteer

☑️ Citizens Advice representative

A McKenzie Friend can:

Offer quiet advice and support
Take notes and assist with documents

However, they cannot speak on your behalf or address the court.

Additionally, free legal organisations can help with paperwork, case preparation, and guidance on how the court process works. Some barristers and solicitors also offer pro bono (free) legal advice.

Preparing Your Case: Key Steps

Understanding Your Legal Position - Claimant vs. Defendant

If you are bringing legal action, you are the claimant and must explain your case clearly.

If you are defending a claim, you are the defendant and must prepare a strong legal defence. Read through all case files and highlight key points, strengths, and weaknesses.

Case Analysis - Ask yourself:

What are the legal issues?
What are the key facts?
What evidence supports my case?
What are the weaknesses in the other side’s case?

Gathering Documents

Organise all key documents, including:

Witness statements
Evidence (emails, contracts, CCTV, text messages, etc.)
Contradictions in the opposing side’s case

Taking notes while reading case files will help you stay focused and recall key points more easily.

Skeleton Argument: Structuring Your Case

A Skeleton Argument is a document required in County Court or High Court that summarises your case for the judge. It should include:

Heading: State whether you are the claimant or defendant
Introduction: Outline your case in a clear and concise manner
Legal Issues: Identify the key points of dispute
Facts & Evidence: Highlight strong supporting evidence
Relevant Case Law: If applicable, refer to past legal decisions

A well-structured Skeleton Argument makes your case easier to understand and demonstrates to the court that you are prepared. Avoid unnecessary details—keep it focused and precise.

Important: Your Skeleton Argument must be filed with the court and shared with all parties at least two days before your hearing (before 4 PM).

See Skeleton-argument-template and BAILII.org for case law examples.

Disclosure of Documents

Both parties must be aware of the documents being used in court. Evidence can include:

Written documents (contracts, letters, police reports, etc.)
Emails, text messages, and social media messages
Video or audio recordings

If unsure what to submit, refer to Gov.UK – Disclosure of Evidence for guidance.

Preparing for Court: Presenting Yourself Effectively

Public speaking in court can be nerve-wracking, but preparation is key to remaining calm and confident.

How to Prepare:

Practice your case – Present it to friends or family for feedback.
Memorise key points – This will help you stay focused if nerves take over.
Stay calm and professional – Avoid getting defensive or emotional.

Courtroom Etiquette & Expectations:

☑️ Arrive on time – Being late can negatively affect your case.

☑️ Dress professionally – Wear smart, presentable clothing.

☑️ Turn off mobile phones – No devices allowed in court.

☑️ Be respectful – Do not interrupt the judge or other parties.

☑️ Remain objective – Stick to facts, not personal opinions.

☑️ Expect scrutiny – Judges and barristers can be critical—be prepared.

Final Checklist Before Your Hearing

Prepare and submit your court bundle (statements, Skeleton Argument)
Familiarise yourself with court procedures
Double-check your evidence and arguments
Ensure you can attend court (travel plans, finances, etc.)
Know the court location and directions
Make sure your information is accurate and organised

Representing yourself requires dedication, research, and preparation. Seek free legal advice where possible and make sure you understand the process specific to your case.